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Ruwan gurabatattun Robobi

Ruwan gurabatattun Robobi
type of pollution (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na marine debris (en) Fassara, Gurbacewar ruwa da Gurbacewar Robobi
Impact of marine plastic in the microbial loop
The breakdown of a plastic bottle into smaller fragments, eventually ending up as micro and nano-plastic
Hanyar da robobi ke shiga cikin tekunan duniya
Tyr

Ruwan gurbatattun robobi wani nau'i ne na gurɓataccen ruwa ta hanyar robobi, wanda ya bambanta da girman daga manyan kayan asali kamar kwalabe, da jaka, har zuwa microplastics da aka samo daga rarrabuwar kayan plastic. Tarkacen ruwa an fi zubar da dattin ɗan adam wanda ke yawo a kai, ko kuma aka dakatar da shi a cikin teku. Kashi tamanin na tarkacen ruwa robobi ne.[1][2] matsalolin Microplastics da nanoplastics suna haifar da lalacewa ko lalatawar sharar filastik a cikin ruwan saman, koguna ko tekuna. Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun gano nanoplastics a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, musamman game da tan 3000, da ke rufe Switzerland kowace shekara.[3] An yi kiyasin cewa akwai tarin tarkacen ruwan robobi na tan miliyan 86, a cikin tekun duniya ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2013, inda aka yi zaton kashi 1.4% na robobin da ake samarwa a duniya daga 1950, zuwa 2013, sun shiga, cikin tekun kuma sun taru a can. [4] An ƙiyasta cewa tan miliyan 19-23, na robobi na zubewa cikin halittun ruwa a cikin shekara.[5] Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Tekun 2017, ya kiyasta cewa tekuna na iya ƙunsar nauyi a cikin robobi fiye da kifi nan da shekara ta 2050.[6]

Tekuna suna gurɓatar da ɓarbashi na robobi masu girma daga manyan kayan asali kamar kwalabe da jakunkuna, har zuwa microplastics da aka samu daga rarrabuwar kayan filastik. Wannan abu yana raguwa a hankali ko kuma an cire shi daga cikin teku don haka barbashi na robobi a yanzu sun yaɗu a ko'ina cikin tekun kuma an san suna da illa ga rayuwar halittun ruwa.[7] Jakunkuna na robobi da aka jefar, zoben fakiti guda shida, buhunan sigari da sauran nau'ikan sharar robobi da suka ƙare a cikin teku suna ba da haɗari ga namun daji da kamun kifi.[8] Ana iya yin barazana ga rayuwar ruwa ta hanyar ruɗewa, shaƙewa, da sha.[9]ref>Six pack rings hazard to wildlife Archived 13 Oktoba 2016 at the Wayback Machine. helpwildlife.com</ref>[10] Tarun kamun kifi, wanda yawanci aka yi da filastik, masunta za su iya barin ko ɓace a cikin teku. An san shi da ragamar fatalwa, waɗannan kifaye masu haɗaka, dolphins, kunkuru na teku,[11] sharks, dugongs, crocodiles, tsuntsayen teku, kaguwa, da sauran halittu, suna hana motsi, haifar da yunwa, laceration, kamuwa da cuta, kuma, a cikin waɗanda suke buƙatar komawa saman zuwa ga numfashi, shaƙewa.[12] Akwai nau'ikan robobin teku daban-daban da ke haifar da matsala ga ruwa. An gano kwalabe a cikin kunkuru da tsuntsayen teku, waɗanda suka mutu saboda toshewar hanyoyin numfashi da na narkewar abinci. Rukunin fatalwa kuma nau'in robobin teku ne mai matsala saboda suna iya ci gaba da kama rayuwar ruwa a cikin tsarin da aka sani da "fatalwa kifi".[13]

Mafi girma 10, da ke fitar da gurɓacewar filastik teku a duniya, daga mafi ƙanƙanta, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Masar, Malaysia, Nigeria, da Bangladesh,[14] sun fi girma ta cikin kogin Yangtze, Indus., Yellow, Hai, Nile, Ganges, Pearl, Amur, Niger, and the Mekong, da kuma lissafin kashi 90 cikin 100, na dukkan robobin da ke isa tekunan duniya. Asiya ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da sharar robobi da ba a sarrafa ba, inda China kaɗai ke da nauyin metric ton miliyan 2.4.[15][16]

Filastik suna taruwa ne saboda ba sa lalacewa kamar yadda sauran abubuwa ke yi. Za su yi photodegrade a kan fallasa rana, amma suna yin haka da kyau kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bushe, kuma ruwa yana hana wannan tsari.[17] A cikin mahalli na ruwa, robobin da aka lalatar da su yana tarwatsewa zuwa ƙananan ƙananan guda yayin da sauran polymers, har zuwa matakin ƙwayoyin cuta.[18] Lokacin da ɓarbashi na filastik masu iyo suna yin hoto zuwa girman zooplankton, jellyfish yayi ƙoƙarin cinye su, kuma ta wannan hanyar filastik ta shiga cikin sarkar abinci na teku.[19][20]

Magani ga gurɓataccen filastik na ruwa, tare da gurɓataccen filastik a cikin yanayin gaba ɗaya za a haɗa su tare da canje-canje a cikin masana'antu da ayyukan marufi, da raguwar amfani, musamman, samfuran filastik guda ɗaya ko gajere. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa don tsaftace robobi a cikin tekuna ciki har da tarko ɓarɓashi na robobi a bakin kogi kafin shiga cikin teku, da kuma tsaftace magudanar ruwa.[21]

  1. ↑ Weisman, Alan (2007). The World Without Us. St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0-312-34729-1.
  2. ↑ "Marine plastic pollution". IUCN (in Turanci). 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ↑ H, Eskarina; ley (2022-01-26). "Nanoplastics in snow: The extensive impact of plastic pollution". Open Access Government (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  4. ↑ Jang, Y. C., Lee, J., Hong, S., Choi, H. W., Shim, W. J., & Hong, S. Y. 2015. Estimating the global inflow and stock of plastic marine debris using material flow analysis: a preliminary approach. Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, 18(4), 263–273.
  5. ↑ Environment, U. N. (2021-10-21). "Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics". UNEP - UN Environment Programme (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  6. ↑ Wright, Pam (6 June 2017). "UN Ocean Conference: Plastics Dumped In Oceans Could Outweigh Fish by 2050, Secretary-General Says". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  7. ↑ Ostle, Clare; Thompson, Richard C.; Broughton, Derek; Gregory, Lance; Wootton, Marianne; Johns, David G. (2019). "The rise in ocean plastics evidenced from a 60-year time series". Nature Communications (in Turanci). 10 (1): 1622. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1622O. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09506-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6467903. PMID 30992426.
  8. ↑ "Research |AMRF/ORV Alguita Research Projects" Archived 13 ga Maris, 2017 at the Wayback Machine Algalita Marine Research Foundation. Macdonald Design. Retrieved 19 May 2009
  9. ↑ UNEP (2005) Marine Litter: An Analytical Overview Archived 2007-07-17 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
  10. ↑ Louisiana Fisheries – Fact Sheets. seagrantfish.lsu.edu
  11. ↑ "'Ghost fishing' killing seabirds". BBC News. 28 June 2007.
  12. ↑ Efferth, Thomas; Paul, Norbert W (November 2017). "Threats to human health by great ocean garbage patches". The Lancet Planetary Health. 1 (8): e301–e303. doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30140-7. ISSN 2542-5196. PMID 29628159.
  13. ↑ Gibbs, Susan E.; Salgado Kent, Chandra P.; Slat, Boyan; Morales, Damien; Fouda, Leila; Reisser, Julia (9 April 2019). "Cetacean sightings within the Great Pacific Garbage Patch". Marine Biodiversity. 49 (4): 2021–27. doi:10.1007/s12526-019-00952-0.
  14. ↑ Jambeck, Jenna R.; Geyer, Roland; Wilcox, Chris (12 February 2015). "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean" (PDF). Science. 347 (6223): 769. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..768J. doi:10.1126/science.1260352. PMID 25678662. S2CID 206562155. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  15. ↑ Christian Schmidt; Tobias Krauth; Stephan Wagner (11 October 2017). "Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12246–12253. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112246S. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02368. PMID 29019247. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88–95% of the global load into the sea
  16. ↑ Harald Franzen (30 November 2017). "Almost all plastic in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 18 December 2018. It turns out that about 90 percent of all the plastic that reaches the world's oceans gets flushed through just 10 rivers: The Yangtze, the Indus, Yellow River, Hai River, the Nile, the Ganges, Pearl River, Amur River, the Niger, and the Mekong (in that order).
  17. ↑ Robert Lee Hotz (13 February 2015). "Asia Leads World in Dumping Plastic in Seas". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015.
  18. ↑ Weisman, Alan (Summer 2007). "Polymers Are Forever". Orion magazine. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  19. ↑ Thompson, R. C. (2004). "Lost at Sea: Where is All the Plastic?". Science. 304 (5672): 838. doi:10.1126/science.1094559. PMID 15131299. S2CID 3269482.
  20. ↑ Moore, C. J.; Moore, S. L.; Leecaster, M. K.; Weisberg, S. B. (2001). "A Comparison of Plastic and Plankton in the North Pacific Central Gyre". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42 (12): 1297–300. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00114-X. PMID 11827116.
  21. ↑ "Marine Plastic Pollution". International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2021.
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